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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="title-page.html">Rust 程序设计语言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="foreword.html">前言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="ch00-00-introduction.html">简介</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch01-00-getting-started.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 入门指南</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch01-01-installation.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> 安装</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch01-02-hello-world.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Hello, World!</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch01-03-hello-cargo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> Hello, Cargo!</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch02-00-guessing-game-tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 写个猜数字游戏</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch03-00-common-programming-concepts.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 常见编程概念</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 变量与可变性</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch03-02-data-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 数据类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch03-03-how-functions-work.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 函数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch03-04-comments.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 注释</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch03-05-control-flow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> 控制流</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch04-00-understanding-ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 认识所有权</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch04-01-what-is-ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 什么是所有权?</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> 引用与借用</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch04-03-slices.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Slice 类型</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch05-00-structs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> 使用结构体组织相关联的数据</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch05-01-defining-structs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> 结构体的定义和实例化</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch05-02-example-structs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> 结构体示例程序</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch05-03-method-syntax.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> 方法语法</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch06-00-enums.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> 枚举和模式匹配</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> 枚举的定义</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch06-02-match.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> match 控制流结构</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch06-03-if-let.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> if let 简洁控制流</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch07-00-managing-growing-projects-with-packages-crates-and-modules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> 使用包、Crate 和模块管理不断增长的项目</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch07-01-packages-and-crates.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> 包和 Crate</a></li><li class="chapter-item
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<h2 id="安装"><a class="header" href="#安装">安装</a></h2>
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<blockquote>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/book/blob/main/src/ch01-01-installation.md">ch01-01-installation.md</a> <br>
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commit d5eb2f7a8e9c6f51b4478f9cd46f55448e2ca2c1</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>第一步是安装 Rust。我们会通过 <code>rustup</code> 下载 Rust,这是一个管理 Rust 版本和相关工具的命令行工具。下载时需要联网。</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>注意:如果你出于某些理由倾向于不使用 <code>rustup</code>,请到 <a href="https://forge.rust-lang.org/infra/other-installation-methods.html">Rust 的其他安装方法页面</a> 查看其它安装选项。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>接下来的步骤会安装最新的稳定版 Rust 编译器。Rust 的稳定性确保本书所有示例在最新版本的 Rust 中能够继续编译。不同版本的输出可能略有不同,因为 Rust 经常改进错误信息和警告。也就是说,任何通过这些步骤安装的最新稳定版 Rust,都应该能正常运行本书中的内容。</p>
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<blockquote>
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<h3 id="命令行标记"><a class="header" href="#命令行标记">命令行标记</a></h3>
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<p>本章和全书中,我们会展示一些在终端中使用的命令。所有需要输入到终端的行都以 <code>$</code> 开头。你不需要输入<code>$</code>字符;这里显示的<code>$</code>字符表示命令行提示符,仅用于提示每行命令的起点。不以 <code>$</code> 起始的行通常展示前一个命令的输出。另外,PowerShell 专用的示例会采用 <code>></code> 而不是 <code>$</code>。</p>
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</blockquote>
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<h3 id="在-linux-或-macos-上安装-rustup"><a class="header" href="#在-linux-或-macos-上安装-rustup">在 Linux 或 macOS 上安装 <code>rustup</code></a></h3>
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<p>如果你使用 Linux 或 macOS,打开终端并输入如下命令:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-console">$ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
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</code></pre>
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<p>此命令下载一个脚本并开始安装 <code>rustup</code> 工具,这会安装最新稳定版 Rust。过程中可能会提示你输入密码。如果安装成功,将会出现如下内容:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-text">Rust is installed now. Great!
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</code></pre>
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<p>另外,你还需要一个 <em>链接器(linker)</em>,这是 Rust 用来将其编译的输出连接到一个文件中的程序。很可能你已经有一个了。如果你遇到了链接器错误,请尝试安装一个 C 编译器,它通常包括一个链接器。C 编译器也很有用,因为一些常见的 Rust 包依赖于 C 代码,因此需要安装一个 C 编译器。</p>
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<p>在 macOS 上,你可以通过运行以下命令获得 C 语言编译器:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-console">$ xcode-select --install
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</code></pre>
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<p>Linux 用户通常需要根据发行版(distribution)文档安装 GCC 或 Clang。比如,如果你使用 Ubuntu,可以安装 <code>build-essential</code> 包。</p>
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<h3 id="在-windows-上安装-rustup"><a class="header" href="#在-windows-上安装-rustup">在 Windows 上安装 <code>rustup</code></a></h3>
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<p>在 Windows 上,前往 <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install">https://www.rust-lang.org/install.html</a> 并按照说明安装 Rust。在安装过程的某个步骤,你会被提示要安装 Visual Studio。它提供了一个链接器和编译程序所需的原生库。如果你在此步骤需要更多帮助,请访问 <a href="https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup/installation/windows-msvc.html">https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup/installation/windows-msvc.html</a>。</p>
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<p>本书的余下部分会使用能同时运行于 <em>cmd.exe</em> 和 PowerShell 的命令。如果存在特定差异,我们会解释使用哪一个。</p>
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<h3 id="故障排除troubleshooting"><a class="header" href="#故障排除troubleshooting">故障排除(Troubleshooting)</a></h3>
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<p>要检查是否正确安装了 Rust,打开命令行并输入:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-console">$ rustc --version
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</code></pre>
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<p>你应该可以看到按照以下格式显示的最新稳定版本的版本号、对应的 Commit Hash 和 Commit 日期:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-text">rustc x.y.z (abcabcabc yyyy-mm-dd)
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</code></pre>
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<p>如果看到了这样的信息,就说明 Rust 已经安装成功了!</p>
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<blockquote>
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<p>译者:恭喜入坑!(此处应该有掌声!)</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>如果没看到,请按照下面说明的方法检查 Rust 是否在您的 <code>%PATH%</code> 系统变量中。</p>
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<p>在 Windows CMD 中,请使用命令:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-console">> echo %PATH%
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</code></pre>
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<p>在 PowerShell 中,请使用命令:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-powershell">> echo $env:Path
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</code></pre>
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<p>在 Linux 和 macOS 中,请使用命令:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-console">$ echo $PATH
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</code></pre>
|
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|
<p>如果一切正确但 Rust 仍不能使用,有许多地方可以求助。您可以在<a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/community">社区页面</a>查看如何与其他 Rustaceans(Rust 用户的称号,有自嘲意味)联系。</p>
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<h2 id="更新与卸载"><a class="header" href="#更新与卸载">更新与卸载</a></h2>
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<p>通过 <code>rustup</code> 安装了 Rust 之后,更新到最新版本就很简单了,只需要在您对应的命令行中运行如下更新脚本:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-console">$ rustup update
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<p>若要卸载 Rust 和 <code>rustup</code>,请在命令行中运行如下卸载脚本:</p>
|
|||
|
<pre><code class="language-console">$ rustup self uninstall
|
|||
|
</code></pre>
|
|||
|
<h3 id="本地文档"><a class="header" href="#本地文档">本地文档</a></h3>
|
|||
|
<p>安装程序也自带一份文档的本地拷贝,可以离线阅读。运行 <code>rustup doc</code> 在浏览器中查看本地文档。</p>
|
|||
|
<p>任何时候,如果你拿不准标准库中的类型或函数的用途和用法,请查阅应用程序接口(application programming interface,API)文档!</p>
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