2018-04-24 19:14:51 +08:00
|
|
|
|
## 附录A - 关键字
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
> [appendix-01-keywords.md](https://github.com/rust-lang/book/blob/master/second-edition/src/appendix-01-keywords.md)
|
|
|
|
|
|
> <br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
> commit 60f22d98fe8ee0ce04824a8536a95f12ba118027
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
下面的列表中是Rust正在使用或者以后会用关键字。因此，这些关键字不能被用作标识符，例如
|
|
|
|
|
|
函数名、变量名、参数名、结构体、模块名、crates名、常量名、宏名、静态值的名字。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 目前正在使用的关键字
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `as` - 强制类型转换或者对使用`use`和`extern crate`声明引入的项目重命名
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `break` - 立刻退出循环
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `const` - 定义常量或者 **不变原生指针** (*constant raw pointers*)
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `continue` - 跳出本次循环，进入下一次循环
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `crate` - 引入一个外部 **crate** 或一个代表 **crate** 的宏变量
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `else` - 创建 `if` 和 `if let` 控制流的分支
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `enum` - 定义一个枚举
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `extern` - 引入一个外部 **crate** 、函数或变量
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `false` - 布尔值 `false`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `fn` - 定义一个函数或 **函数指针类型** (*function pointer type*)
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `for` - 遍历一个迭代器或实现一个 **trait**或者指定一个具体的生命周期
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `if` - 基于条件表达式的结果分支
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `impl` - 实现一个方法或 **trait** 功能
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `in` - for循环语法的一部分
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `let` - 绑定一个变量
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `loop` - 无条件循环
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `match` - 模式匹配
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `mod` - 定义一个模块
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `move` - 使闭包获取所有权
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `mut` - 表示一个可变绑定
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `pub` - 在结构体、`impl`块或模块中表示可以被外部使用
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `ref` - 绑定一个引用
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `return` - 从函数中返回
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `Self` - 实现一个 **trait** 类型的类型别名
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `self` - 表示方法本身或当前模块
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `static` - 表示全局变量或在整个程序执行期间保持其生命周期
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `struct` - 定义一个结构体
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `super` - 表示当前模块的父模块
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `trait` - 定义一个 **trait**
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `true` - 布尔值 `true`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `type` - 定义一个类型别名或相关连的类型
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `unsafe` - 表示不安全的代码、函数、**traits** 或者方法实现
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `use` - 引入外部空间的符号
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `where` - 表示一个类型约束 [\[For example\]](ch13-01-closures.html#使用带有泛型和-fn-trait-的闭包)
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `while` - 基于一个表达式的结果判断是否进行循环
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- we should make sure the definitions for each keyword are consistently
|
|
|
|
|
|
phrased, so for example for enum we say "defining an enumeration" but for fn we
|
|
|
|
|
|
passively call it a "function definition" -- perhaps a good medium would be
|
|
|
|
|
|
"define an enumeration" and "define a function"? Can you go through and make
|
|
|
|
|
|
those consistent? I've attempted it for a few, but am wary of changing meaning.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Also, you may decide to go the passive definition route, which is fine by me,
|
|
|
|
|
|
as long as it's consistent-->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- I've tried, I'm not sure how to be active for keywords that are nouns
|
|
|
|
|
|
though. Please let me know if any still seem inconsistent /Carol -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 未使用的保留字
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
这些关键字没有目前任何功能，但是它们是Rust未来会使用的保留字。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `abstract`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `alignof`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `become`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `box`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `do`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `final`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `macro`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `offsetof`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `override`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `priv`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `proc`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `pure`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `sizeof`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `typeof`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `unsized`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `virtual`
|
|
|
|
|
|
* `yield`
|
