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<ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="title-page.html">Rust 程序设计语言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="foreword.html">前言</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="ch00-00-introduction.html">简介</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch01-00-getting-started.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> 入门指南</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch01-01-installation.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> 安装</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch01-02-hello-world.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Hello, World!</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch01-03-hello-cargo.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> Hello, Cargo!</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch02-00-guessing-game-tutorial.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> 写个猜数字游戏</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch03-00-common-programming-concepts.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> 常见编程概念</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> 变量与可变性</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch03-02-data-types.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> 数据类型</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch03-03-how-functions-work.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> 函数</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch03-04-comments.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> 注释</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch03-05-control-flow.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.5.</strong> 控制流</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch04-00-understanding-ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> 认识所有权</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch04-01-what-is-ownership.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> 什么是所有权?</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> 引用与借用</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch04-03-slices.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.3.</strong> Slice 类型</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch05-00-structs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.</strong> 使用结构体组织相关联的数据</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch05-01-defining-structs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.1.</strong> 结构体的定义和实例化</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch05-02-example-structs.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.2.</strong> 结构体示例程序</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch05-03-method-syntax.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">5.3.</strong> 方法语法</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch06-00-enums.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.</strong> 枚举和模式匹配</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.1.</strong> 枚举的定义</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch06-02-match.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.2.</strong> match 控制流结构</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch06-03-if-let.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">6.3.</strong> if let 简洁控制流</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch07-00-managing-growing-projects-with-packages-crates-and-modules.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.</strong> 使用包、Crate 和模块管理不断增长的项目</a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="ch07-01-packages-and-crates.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">7.1.</strong> 包和 Crate</a></li><li class="chapter-item
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<h2 id="安装"><a class="header" href="#安装">安装</a></h2>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/book/blob/main/src/ch01-01-installation.md">ch01-01-installation.md</a> <br>
commit d5eb2f7a8e9c6f51b4478f9cd46f55448e2ca2c1</p>
</blockquote>
<p>第一步是安装 Rust。我们会通过 <code>rustup</code> 下载 Rust这是一个管理 Rust 版本和相关工具的命令行工具。下载时需要联网。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>注意:如果你出于某些理由倾向于不使用 <code>rustup</code>,请到 <a href="https://forge.rust-lang.org/infra/other-installation-methods.html">Rust 的其他安装方法页面</a> 查看其它安装选项。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>接下来的步骤会安装最新的稳定版 Rust 编译器。Rust 的稳定性确保本书所有示例在最新版本的 Rust 中能够继续编译。不同版本的输出可能略有不同,因为 Rust 经常改进错误信息和警告。也就是说,任何通过这些步骤安装的最新稳定版 Rust都应该能正常运行本书中的内容。</p>
<blockquote>
<h3 id="命令行标记"><a class="header" href="#命令行标记">命令行标记</a></h3>
<p>本章和全书中,我们会展示一些在终端中使用的命令。所有需要输入到终端的行都以 <code>$</code> 开头。你不需要输入<code>$</code>字符;这里显示的<code>$</code>字符表示命令行提示符,仅用于提示每行命令的起点。不以 <code>$</code> 起始的行通常展示前一个命令的输出。另外PowerShell 专用的示例会采用 <code>&gt;</code> 而不是 <code>$</code></p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="在-linux-或-macos-上安装-rustup"><a class="header" href="#在-linux-或-macos-上安装-rustup">在 Linux 或 macOS 上安装 <code>rustup</code></a></h3>
<p>如果你使用 Linux 或 macOS打开终端并输入如下命令</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
</code></pre>
<p>此命令下载一个脚本并开始安装 <code>rustup</code> 工具,这会安装最新稳定版 Rust。过程中可能会提示你输入密码。如果安装成功将会出现如下内容</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">Rust is installed now. Great!
</code></pre>
<p>另外,你还需要一个 <em>链接器linker</em>,这是 Rust 用来将其编译的输出连接到一个文件中的程序。很可能你已经有一个了。如果你遇到了链接器错误,请尝试安装一个 C 编译器它通常包括一个链接器。C 编译器也很有用,因为一些常见的 Rust 包依赖于 C 代码,因此需要安装一个 C 编译器。</p>
<p>在 macOS 上,你可以通过运行以下命令获得 C 语言编译器:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ xcode-select --install
</code></pre>
<p>Linux 用户通常需要根据发行版distribution文档安装 GCC 或 Clang。比如如果你使用 Ubuntu可以安装 <code>build-essential</code> 包。</p>
<h3 id="在-windows-上安装-rustup"><a class="header" href="#在-windows-上安装-rustup">在 Windows 上安装 <code>rustup</code></a></h3>
<p>在 Windows 上,前往 <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install">https://www.rust-lang.org/install.html</a> 并按照说明安装 Rust。在安装过程的某个步骤你会被提示要安装 Visual Studio。它提供了一个链接器和编译程序所需的原生库。如果你在此步骤需要更多帮助请访问 <a href="https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup/installation/windows-msvc.html">https://rust-lang.github.io/rustup/installation/windows-msvc.html</a></p>
<p>本书的余下部分会使用能同时运行于 <em>cmd.exe</em> 和 PowerShell 的命令。如果存在特定差异,我们会解释使用哪一个。</p>
<h3 id="故障排除troubleshooting"><a class="header" href="#故障排除troubleshooting">故障排除Troubleshooting</a></h3>
<p>要检查是否正确安装了 Rust打开命令行并输入</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ rustc --version
</code></pre>
<p>你应该可以看到按照以下格式显示的最新稳定版本的版本号、对应的 Commit Hash 和 Commit 日期:</p>
<pre><code class="language-text">rustc x.y.z (abcabcabc yyyy-mm-dd)
</code></pre>
<p>如果看到了这样的信息,就说明 Rust 已经安装成功了!</p>
<blockquote>
<p>译者:恭喜入坑!(此处应该有掌声!)</p>
</blockquote>
<p>如果没看到,请按照下面说明的方法检查 Rust 是否在您的 <code>%PATH%</code> 系统变量中。</p>
<p>在 Windows CMD 中,请使用命令:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">&gt; echo %PATH%
</code></pre>
<p>在 PowerShell 中,请使用命令:</p>
<pre><code class="language-powershell">&gt; echo $env:Path
</code></pre>
<p>在 Linux 和 macOS 中,请使用命令:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ echo $PATH
</code></pre>
<p>如果一切正确但 Rust 仍不能使用,有许多地方可以求助。您可以在<a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/community">社区页面</a>查看如何与其他 RustaceansRust 用户的称号,有自嘲意味)联系。</p>
<h2 id="更新与卸载"><a class="header" href="#更新与卸载">更新与卸载</a></h2>
<p>通过 <code>rustup</code> 安装了 Rust 之后,更新到最新版本就很简单了,只需要在您对应的命令行中运行如下更新脚本:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ rustup update
</code></pre>
<p>若要卸载 Rust 和 <code>rustup</code>,请在命令行中运行如下卸载脚本:</p>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ rustup self uninstall
</code></pre>
<h3 id="本地文档"><a class="header" href="#本地文档">本地文档</a></h3>
<p>安装程序也自带一份文档的本地拷贝,可以离线阅读。运行 <code>rustup doc</code> 在浏览器中查看本地文档。</p>
<p>任何时候如果你拿不准标准库中的类型或函数的用途和用法请查阅应用程序接口application programming interfaceAPI文档</p>
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