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2017-02-26 15:11:54 +08:00
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<title>通用集合类型 - Rust 程序设计语言 简体中文版</title>
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2017-02-21 23:30:39 +08:00
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2017-02-26 15:11:54 +08:00
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2017-02-21 23:30:39 +08:00
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2017-05-30 23:35:12 +08:00
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<ul class="chapter"><li><a href="ch01-00-introduction.html"><strong>1.</strong> 介绍</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch01-01-installation.html"><strong>1.1.</strong> 安装</a></li><li><a href="ch01-02-hello-world.html"><strong>1.2.</strong> Hello, World!</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch02-00-guessing-game-tutorial.html"><strong>2.</strong> 猜猜看教程</a></li><li><a href="ch03-00-common-programming-concepts.html"><strong>3.</strong> 通用编程概念</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.html"><strong>3.1.</strong> 变量和可变性</a></li><li><a href="ch03-02-data-types.html"><strong>3.2.</strong> 数据类型</a></li><li><a href="ch03-03-how-functions-work.html"><strong>3.3.</strong> 函数如何工作</a></li><li><a href="ch03-04-comments.html"><strong>3.4.</strong> 注释</a></li><li><a href="ch03-05-control-flow.html"><strong>3.5.</strong> 控制流</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch04-00-understanding-ownership.html"><strong>4.</strong> 认识所有权</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch04-01-what-is-ownership.html"><strong>4.1.</strong> 什么是所有权</a></li><li><a href="ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html"><strong>4.2.</strong> 引用 & 借用</a></li><li><a href="ch04-03-slices.html"><strong>4.3.</strong> Slices</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch05-00-structs.html"><strong>5.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch05-01-method-syntax.html"><strong>5.1.</strong> 方法语法</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch06-00-enums.html"><strong>6.</strong> 枚举和模式匹配</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html"><strong>6.1.</strong> 定义枚举</a></li><li><a href="ch06-02-match.html"><strong>6.2.</strong> <code>match</code>控制流运算符</a></li><li><a href="ch06-03-if-let.html"><strong>6.3.</strong> <code>if let</code>简单控制流</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch07-00-modules.html"><strong>7.</strong> 模块</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch07-01-mod-and-the-filesystem.html"><strong>7.1.</strong> <code>mod</code>和文件系统</a></li><li><a href="ch07-02-controlling-visibility-with-pub.html"><strong>7.2.</strong> 使用<code>pub</code>控制可见性</a></li><li><a href="ch07-03-importing-names-with-use.html"><strong>7.3.</strong> 使用<code>use</code>导入命名</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch08-00-common-collections.html" class="active"><strong>8.</strong> 通用集合类型</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch08-01-vectors.html"><strong>8.1.</strong> vector</a></li><li><a href="ch08-02-strings.html"><strong>8.2.</strong> 字符串</a></li><li><a href="ch08-03-hash-maps.html"><strong>8.3.</strong> 哈希 map</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch09-00-error-handling.html"><strong>9.</strong> 错误处理</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch09-01-unrecoverable-errors-with-panic.html"><strong>9.1.</strong> <code>panic!</code>与不可恢复的错误</a></li><li><a href="ch09-02-recoverable-errors-with-result.html"><strong>9.2.</strong> <code>Result</code>与可恢复的错误</a></li><li><a href="ch09-03-to-panic-or-not-to-panic.html"><strong>9.3.</strong> <code>panic!</code>还是不<code>panic!</code></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch10-00-generics.html"><strong>10.</strong> 泛型、trait 和生命周期</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch10-01-syntax.html"><strong>10.1.</strong> 泛型数据类型</a></li><li><a href="ch10-02-traits.html"><strong>10.2.</strong> trait：定义共享的行为</a></li><li><a href="ch10-03-lifetime-syntax.html"><strong>10.3.</strong> 生命周期与引用有效性</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch11-00-testing.html"><strong>11.</strong> 测试</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch11-01-writing-tests.html"><strong>11.1.</strong> 编写测试</a></li><li><a href="ch11-02-running-tests.html"><strong>11.2.</strong> 运行测试</a></li><li><a href="ch11-03-test-organization.html"><strong>11.3.</strong> 测试的组织结构</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch12-00-
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2017-02-21 23:30:39 +08:00
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2017-02-26 15:11:54 +08:00
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<h1 class="menu-title">Rust 程序设计语言 简体中文版</h1>
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2017-02-21 23:30:39 +08:00
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2017-02-26 15:11:54 +08:00
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<a class="header" href="#通用集合类型" name="通用集合类型"><h1>通用集合类型</h1></a>
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2017-02-21 23:30:39 +08:00
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<blockquote>
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2017-03-23 22:37:22 +08:00
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<p><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/book/blob/master/second-edition/src/ch08-00-common-collections.md">ch08-00-common-collections.md</a>
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2017-02-21 23:30:39 +08:00
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<br>
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2017-03-23 22:37:22 +08:00
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commit e6d6caab41471f7115a621029bd428a812c5260e</p>
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2017-02-21 23:30:39 +08:00
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</blockquote>
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<p>Rust 标准库中包含一系列被称为<strong>集合</strong>（<em>collections</em>）的非常有用的数据结构。大部分其他数据类型都代表一个特定的值，不过集合可以包含多个值。不同于内建的数组和元组类型，这些集合指向的数据是储存在堆上的，这意味着数据的数量不必在编译时就可知并且可以随着程序的运行增长或缩小。每种集合都有着不同能力和代价，而为所处的场景选择合适的集合则是你将要始终发展的技能。在这一章里，我们将详细的了解三个在 Rust 程序中被广泛使用的集合：</p>
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<ul>
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<li><em>vector</em> 允许我们一个挨着一个地储存一系列数量可变的值</li>
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<li><strong>字符串</strong>（<em>string</em>）是一个字符的集合。我们之前见过<code>String</code>类型，现在将详细介绍它。</li>
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<li><strong>哈希 map</strong>（<em>hash map</em>）允许我们将值与一个特定的键（key）相关联。这是一个叫做 <em>map</em> 的更通用的数据结构的特定实现。</li>
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</ul>
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2017-03-23 22:37:22 +08:00
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<p>对于标准库提供的其他类型的集合，请查看<a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections">文档</a>。</p>
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<p>我们将讨论如何创建和更新 vector、字符串和哈希 map，以及他们有什么不同。</p>
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2017-02-21 23:30:39 +08:00
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