2017-03-18 21:39:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<html lang="en">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<head>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta charset="UTF-8">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<title>无畏并发 - Rust 程序设计语言 简体中文版</title>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta name="description" content="Rust 程序设计语言 简体中文版">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<base href="">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="book.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300italic,400italic,600italic,700italic,800italic,400,300,600,700,800' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.png">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Font Awesome -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="highlight.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<link rel="stylesheet" href="tomorrow-night.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- MathJax -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Fetch JQuery from CDN but have a local fallback -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.1.4.min.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (typeof jQuery == 'undefined') {
|
|
|
|
|
|
document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='jquery.js'%3E%3C/script%3E"));
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</head>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<body class="light">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Set the theme before any content is loaded, prevents flash -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
|
|
|
|
var theme = localStorage.getItem('theme');
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (theme == null) { theme = 'light'; }
|
|
|
|
|
|
$('body').removeClass().addClass(theme);
|
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Hide / unhide sidebar before it is displayed -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script type="text/javascript">
|
|
|
|
|
|
var sidebar = localStorage.getItem('sidebar');
|
|
|
|
|
|
if (sidebar === "hidden") { $("html").addClass("sidebar-hidden") }
|
|
|
|
|
|
else if (sidebar === "visible") { $("html").addClass("sidebar-visible") }
|
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="sidebar" class="sidebar">
|
2017-04-18 14:55:09 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<ul class="chapter"><li><a href="ch01-00-introduction.html"><strong>1.</strong> 介绍</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch01-01-installation.html"><strong>1.1.</strong> 安装</a></li><li><a href="ch01-02-hello-world.html"><strong>1.2.</strong> Hello, World!</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch02-00-guessing-game-tutorial.html"><strong>2.</strong> 猜猜看教程</a></li><li><a href="ch03-00-common-programming-concepts.html"><strong>3.</strong> 通用编程概念</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.html"><strong>3.1.</strong> 变量和可变性</a></li><li><a href="ch03-02-data-types.html"><strong>3.2.</strong> 数据类型</a></li><li><a href="ch03-03-how-functions-work.html"><strong>3.3.</strong> 函数如何工作</a></li><li><a href="ch03-04-comments.html"><strong>3.4.</strong> 注释</a></li><li><a href="ch03-05-control-flow.html"><strong>3.5.</strong> 控制流</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch04-00-understanding-ownership.html"><strong>4.</strong> 认识所有权</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch04-01-what-is-ownership.html"><strong>4.1.</strong> 什么是所有权</a></li><li><a href="ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html"><strong>4.2.</strong> 引用 & 借用</a></li><li><a href="ch04-03-slices.html"><strong>4.3.</strong> Slices</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch05-00-structs.html"><strong>5.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch05-01-method-syntax.html"><strong>5.1.</strong> 方法语法</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch06-00-enums.html"><strong>6.</strong> 枚举和模式匹配</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html"><strong>6.1.</strong> 定义枚举</a></li><li><a href="ch06-02-match.html"><strong>6.2.</strong> <code>match</code>控制流运算符</a></li><li><a href="ch06-03-if-let.html"><strong>6.3.</strong> <code>if let</code>简单控制流</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch07-00-modules.html"><strong>7.</strong> 模块</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch07-01-mod-and-the-filesystem.html"><strong>7.1.</strong> <code>mod</code>和文件系统</a></li><li><a href="ch07-02-controlling-visibility-with-pub.html"><strong>7.2.</strong> 使用<code>pub</code>控制可见性</a></li><li><a href="ch07-03-importing-names-with-use.html"><strong>7.3.</strong> 使用<code>use</code>导入命名</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch08-00-common-collections.html"><strong>8.</strong> 通用集合类型</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch08-01-vectors.html"><strong>8.1.</strong> vector</a></li><li><a href="ch08-02-strings.html"><strong>8.2.</strong> 字符串</a></li><li><a href="ch08-03-hash-maps.html"><strong>8.3.</strong> 哈希 map</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch09-00-error-handling.html"><strong>9.</strong> 错误处理</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch09-01-unrecoverable-errors-with-panic.html"><strong>9.1.</strong> <code>panic!</code>与不可恢复的错误</a></li><li><a href="ch09-02-recoverable-errors-with-result.html"><strong>9.2.</strong> <code>Result</code>与可恢复的错误</a></li><li><a href="ch09-03-to-panic-or-not-to-panic.html"><strong>9.3.</strong> <code>panic!</code>还是不<code>panic!</code></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch10-00-generics.html"><strong>10.</strong> 泛型、trait 和生命周期</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch10-01-syntax.html"><strong>10.1.</strong> 泛型数据类型</a></li><li><a href="ch10-02-traits.html"><strong>10.2.</strong> trait：定义共享的行为</a></li><li><a href="ch10-03-lifetime-syntax.html"><strong>10.3.</strong> 生命周期与引用有效性</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch11-00-testing.html"><strong>11.</strong> 测试</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch11-01-writing-tests.html"><strong>11.1.</strong> 编写测试</a></li><li><a href="ch11-02-running-tests.html"><strong>11.2.</strong> 运行测试</a></li><li><a href="ch11-03-test-organization.html"><strong>11.3.</strong> 测试的组织结构</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch12-00-an-io-project.h
|
2017-03-18 21:39:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="page-wrapper" class="page-wrapper">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="page">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="menu-bar" class="menu-bar">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="left-buttons">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<i id="sidebar-toggle" class="fa fa-bars"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<i id="theme-toggle" class="fa fa-paint-brush"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h1 class="menu-title">Rust 程序设计语言 简体中文版</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="right-buttons">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<i id="print-button" class="fa fa-print" title="Print this book"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="content" class="content">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a class="header" href="#无畏并发" name="无畏并发"><h1>无畏并发</h1></a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/book/blob/master/second-edition/src/ch16-00-concurrency.md">ch16-00-concurrency.md</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
commit da15de39eaabd50100d6fa662c653169254d9175</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
2017-05-15 08:27:11 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<p>确保内存安全并不是 Rust 的唯一目标：更好的处理并发和并行编程一直是 Rust 的另一个主要目标。
|
2017-03-18 21:39:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<strong>并发编程</strong>（concurrent programming）代表程序的不同部分相互独立的执行，而<strong>并行编程</strong>代表程序不同部分同时执行，这两个概念在计算机拥有更多处理器可供程序利用时变得更加重要。由于历史的原因，在此类上下文中编程一直是困难且容易出错的：Rust 希望能改变这一点。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>最开始，我们认为内存安全和防止并发问题是需要通过两个不同的方法解决的两个相互独立的挑战。然而，随着时间的推移，我们发现所有权和类型系统是一系列解决内存安全<strong>和</strong>并发问题的强用力的工具！通过改进所有权和类型检查，很多并发错误在 Rust 中都是<strong>编译时</strong>错误，而不是运行时错误。我们给 Rust 的这一部分起了一个绰号<strong>无畏并发</strong>（<em>fearless concurrency</em>）。无畏并发意味着 Rust 不光允许你自信代码不会出现诡异的错误，也让你可以轻易重构这种代码而无需担心会引入新的 bug。</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<blockquote>
|
2017-05-15 08:27:11 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<p>注意：对于 Rust 的口号<strong>无畏并发</strong>，这里用<strong>并发</strong>指代很多问题而不是更精确的区分<strong>并发和（或）并行</strong>，是出于简化问题的原因。如果这是一本专注于并发和/或并行的书，我们肯定会更精确的。对于本章，当我们谈到<strong>并发</strong>时，请自行替换为<strong>并发和（或）并行</strong>。</p>
|
2017-03-18 21:39:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
</blockquote>
|
2017-05-15 08:27:11 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<p>很多语言所提供的处理并发问题的解决方法都非常有特色，尤其是对于更高级的语言，这是一个非常合理的策略。然而对于底层语言则没有奢侈的选择。在任何给定的情况下，我们都期望底层语言可以提供最高的性能，并且对硬件有更薄的抽象。因此，Rust 给了我们多种工具，并以适合实际情况和需求的方式来为问题建模。</p>
|
2017-03-18 21:39:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<p>如下是本章将要涉及到的内容：</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<ul>
|
2017-05-15 08:27:11 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<li>如何创建线程来同时运行多段代码。</li>
|
2017-03-18 21:39:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<li>并发<strong>消息传递</strong>（<em>Message passing</em>），其中通道（channel）被用来在线程间传递消息。</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>并发<strong>共享状态</strong>（<em>Shared state</em>），其中多个线程可以访问同一片数据。</li>
|
2017-05-15 08:27:11 +08:00
|
|
|
|
<li><code>Sync</code>和<code>Send</code> trait，他们允许 Rust 的并发保证能被扩展到用户定义的和标准库中提供的类型中。</li>
|
2017-03-18 21:39:27 +08:00
|
|
|
|
</ul>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Mobile navigation buttons -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="ch15-06-reference-cycles.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters previous">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="ch16-01-threads.html" class="mobile-nav-chapters next">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="ch15-06-reference-cycles.html" class="nav-chapters previous" title="You can navigate through the chapters using the arrow keys">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-left"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a href="ch16-01-threads.html" class="nav-chapters next" title="You can navigate through the chapters using the arrow keys">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Local fallback for Font Awesome -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
if ($(".fa").css("font-family") !== "FontAwesome") {
|
|
|
|
|
|
$('<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css">').prependTo('head');
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
</script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Livereload script (if served using the cli tool) -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="highlight.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="book.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</html>
|
