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<title>Rust 程序设计语言 中文版</title>
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<ul class="chapter"><li><a href="ch01-00-introduction.html"><strong>1.</strong> 介绍</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch01-01-installation.html" class="active"><strong>1.1.</strong> 安装</a></li><li><a href="ch01-02-hello-world.html"><strong>1.2.</strong> Hello, World!</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch02-00-guessing-game-tutorial.html"><strong>2.</strong> 猜猜看教程</a></li><li><a href="ch03-00-common-programming-concepts.html"><strong>3.</strong> 通用编程概念</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.html"><strong>3.1.</strong> 变量和可变性</a></li><li><a href="ch03-02-data-types.html"><strong>3.2.</strong> 数据类型</a></li><li><a href="ch03-03-how-functions-work.html"><strong>3.3.</strong> 函数如何工作</a></li><li><a href="ch03-04-comments.html"><strong>3.4.</strong> 注释</a></li><li><a href="ch03-05-control-flow.html"><strong>3.5.</strong> 控制流</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch04-00-understanding-ownership.html"><strong>4.</strong> 认识所有权</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch04-01-what-is-ownership.html"><strong>4.1.</strong> 什么是所有权</a></li><li><a href="ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html"><strong>4.2.</strong> 引用 & 借用</a></li><li><a href="ch04-03-slices.html"><strong>4.3.</strong> Slices</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch05-00-structs.html"><strong>5.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch05-01-method-syntax.html"><strong>5.1.</strong> 方法语法</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch06-00-enums.html"><strong>6.</strong> 枚举和模式匹配</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html"><strong>6.1.</strong> 定义枚举</a></li><li><a href="ch06-02-match.html"><strong>6.2.</strong> <code>match</code>控制流运算符</a></li><li><a href="ch06-03-if-let.html"><strong>6.3.</strong> <code>if let</code>简单控制流</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch07-00-modules.html"><strong>7.</strong> 模块</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch07-01-mod-and-the-filesystem.html"><strong>7.1.</strong> <code>mod</code>和文件系统</a></li><li><a href="ch07-02-controlling-visibility-with-pub.html"><strong>7.2.</strong> 使用<code>pub</code>控制可见性</a></li><li><a href="ch07-03-importing-names-with-use.html"><strong>7.3.</strong> 使用<code>use</code>导入命名</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch08-00-common-collections.html"><strong>8.</strong> 通用集合类型</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch08-01-vectors.html"><strong>8.1.</strong> vector</a></li><li><a href="ch08-02-strings.html"><strong>8.2.</strong> 字符串</a></li><li><a href="ch08-03-hash-maps.html"><strong>8.3.</strong> 哈希 map</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch09-00-error-handling.html"><strong>9.</strong> 错误处理</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch09-01-unrecoverable-errors-with-panic.html"><strong>9.1.</strong> <code>panic!</code>与不可恢复的错误</a></li><li><a href="ch09-02-recoverable-errors-with-result.html"><strong>9.2.</strong> <code>Result</code>与可恢复的错误</a></li><li><a href="ch09-03-to-panic-or-not-to-panic.html"><strong>9.3.</strong> <code>panic!</code>还是不<code>panic!</code></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch10-00-generics.html"><strong>10.</strong> 泛型、trait 和生命周期</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch10-01-syntax.html"><strong>10.1.</strong> 泛型数据类型</a></li><li><a href="ch10-02-traits.html"><strong>10.2.</strong> trait:定义共享的行为</a></li><li><a href="ch10-03-lifetime-syntax.html"><strong>10.3.</strong> 生命周期与引用有效性</a></li></ul></li></ul>
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<h1 class="menu-title">Rust 程序设计语言 中文版</h1>
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<h2>安装</h2>
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<blockquote>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/book/blob/master/src/ch01-01-installation.md">ch01-01-installation.md</a>
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<br>
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commit f828919e62aa542aaaae03c1fb565da42374213e</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>使用 Rust 的第一步是安装。你需要联网来执行本章的命令,因为我们要从网上下载 Rust。</p>
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<p>我们将会展示很多使用终端的命令,并且这些代码都以<code>$</code>开头。并不需要真正输入<code>$</code>,它们在这里代表每行指令的开头。在网上会看到很多使用这个惯例的教程和例子:<code>$</code>代表以常规用户运行命令,<code>#</code>代表需要用管理员运行的命令。没有以<code>$</code>(或<code>#</code>)的行通常是之前命令的输出。</p>
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<h3>在 Linux 或 Mac 上安装</h3>
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<p>如果你使用 Linux 或 Mac,所有需要做的就是打开一个终端并输入:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
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</code></pre>
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<p>这会下载一个脚本并开始安装。你可能被提示要输入密码。如果一切顺利,将会出现如下内容:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">Rust is installed now. Great!
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</code></pre>
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<p>当然,如果你不赞成<code>curl | sh</code>这种模式,可以随意下载、检查和运行这个脚本。</p>
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<h3>在 Windows 上安装</h3>
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<p>在 Windows 上,前往<a href="https://rustup.rs/">https://rustup.rs</a><!-- ignore -->并按照说明下载<code>rustup-init.exe</code>。运行并遵循它提供的其余指示。</p>
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<p>本书其余 Windows 相关的命令假设你使用<code>cmd</code>作为你的 shell。如果你使用不同的 shell,可能能够执行 Linux 和 Mac 用户相同的命令。如果都不行,查看所使用的 shell 的文档。</p>
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<h3>自定义安装</h3>
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<p>如果有理由倾向于不使用 rustup.rs,请查看<a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/install.html">Rust 安装页面</a>获取其他选择。</p>
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<h3>卸载</h3>
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<p>卸载 Rust 同安装一样简单。在 shell 中运行卸载脚本</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">$ rustup self uninstall
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</code></pre>
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<h3>故障排除</h3>
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<p>安装完 Rust 后,打开 shell,输入:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">$ rustc --version
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</code></pre>
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<p>应该能看到类似这样的版本号、提交 hash 和提交日期,对应你安装时的最新稳定版本:</p>
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<pre><code class="language-sh">rustc x.y.z (abcabcabc yyyy-mm-dd)
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</code></pre>
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<p>如果出现这些内容,Rust 就安装成功了!</p>
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<p>恭喜入坑!(此处应该有掌声!)</p>
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<p>如果有问题并且你在使用 Windows,检查 Rust(rustc,cargo 等)是否位于<code>%PATH%</code>系统变量中。</p>
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<p>如果还是不能运行,有许多可以获取帮助的地方。最简单的是 irc.mozilla.org 上的 IRC 频道 <a href="irc://irc.mozilla.org/#rust-beginners">#rust-beginners</a> 和供一般讨论之用的 <a href="irc://irc.mozilla.org/#rust">#rust</a>,我们可以使用 <a href="http://chat.mibbit.com/?server=irc.mozilla.org&channel=%23rust-beginners,%23rust">Mibbit</a> 访问。然后我们就可以和其他能提供帮助的 Rustacean(我们这些人自嘲的绰号)聊天了。其它给力的资源包括<a href="https://users.rust-lang.org/">用户论坛</a>和<a href="http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/rust">Stack Overflow</a>。</p>
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<h3>本地文档</h3>
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<p>安装程序也包含一份本地文档的拷贝,你可以离线阅读它们。输入<code>rustup doc</code>将在浏览器中打开本地文档。</p>
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<p>任何你太确认标准库提供的类型或函数是干什么的时候,使用文档 API 查找!</p>
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