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<title>Rust 程序设计语言 中文版</title>
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<ul class="chapter"><li><a href="ch01-00-introduction.html"><strong>1.</strong> 介绍</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch01-01-installation.html"><strong>1.1.</strong> 安装</a></li><li><a href="ch01-02-hello-world.html"><strong>1.2.</strong> Hello, World!</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch02-00-guessing-game-tutorial.html"><strong>2.</strong> 猜猜看教程</a></li><li><a href="ch03-00-common-programming-concepts.html"><strong>3.</strong> 通用编程概念</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch03-01-variables-and-mutability.html"><strong>3.1.</strong> 变量和可变性</a></li><li><a href="ch03-02-data-types.html"><strong>3.2.</strong> 数据类型</a></li><li><a href="ch03-03-how-functions-work.html"><strong>3.3.</strong> 函数如何工作</a></li><li><a href="ch03-04-comments.html"><strong>3.4.</strong> 注释</a></li><li><a href="ch03-05-control-flow.html"><strong>3.5.</strong> 控制流</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch04-00-understanding-ownership.html"><strong>4.</strong> 认识所有权</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch04-01-what-is-ownership.html"><strong>4.1.</strong> 什么是所有权</a></li><li><a href="ch04-02-references-and-borrowing.html"><strong>4.2.</strong> 引用 & 借用</a></li><li><a href="ch04-03-slices.html"><strong>4.3.</strong> Slices</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch05-00-structs.html"><strong>5.</strong> 结构体</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch05-01-method-syntax.html"><strong>5.1.</strong> 方法语法</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch06-00-enums.html"><strong>6.</strong> 枚举和模式匹配</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch06-01-defining-an-enum.html"><strong>6.1.</strong> 定义枚举</a></li><li><a href="ch06-02-match.html"><strong>6.2.</strong> <code>match</code>控制流运算符</a></li><li><a href="ch06-03-if-let.html"><strong>6.3.</strong> <code>if let</code>简单控制流</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch07-00-modules.html"><strong>7.</strong> 模块</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch07-01-mod-and-the-filesystem.html"><strong>7.1.</strong> <code>mod</code>和文件系统</a></li><li><a href="ch07-02-controlling-visibility-with-pub.html"><strong>7.2.</strong> 使用<code>pub</code>控制可见性</a></li><li><a href="ch07-03-importing-names-with-use.html"><strong>7.3.</strong> 使用<code>use</code>导入命名</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch08-00-common-collections.html"><strong>8.</strong> 通用集合类型</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch08-01-vectors.html"><strong>8.1.</strong> vector</a></li><li><a href="ch08-02-strings.html"><strong>8.2.</strong> 字符串</a></li><li><a href="ch08-03-hash-maps.html"><strong>8.3.</strong> 哈希 map</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch09-00-error-handling.html"><strong>9.</strong> 错误处理</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch09-01-unrecoverable-errors-with-panic.html"><strong>9.1.</strong> <code>panic!</code>与不可恢复的错误</a></li><li><a href="ch09-02-recoverable-errors-with-result.html"><strong>9.2.</strong> <code>Result</code>与可恢复的错误</a></li><li><a href="ch09-03-to-panic-or-not-to-panic.html"><strong>9.3.</strong> <code>panic!</code>还是不<code>panic!</code></a></li></ul></li><li><a href="ch10-00-generics.html"><strong>10.</strong> 泛型、trait 和生命周期</a></li><li><ul class="section"><li><a href="ch10-01-syntax.html" class="active"><strong>10.1.</strong> 泛型数据类型</a></li><li><a href="ch10-02-traits.html"><strong>10.2.</strong> trait：定义共享的行为</a></li><li><a href="ch10-03-lifetime-syntax.html"><strong>10.3.</strong> 生命周期与引用有效性</a></li></ul></li></ul>
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<h1 class="menu-title">Rust 程序设计语言 中文版</h1>
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<div id="content" class="content">
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<h2>泛型数据类型</h2>
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<blockquote>
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<p><a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/book/blob/master/src/ch10-01-syntax.md">ch10-01-syntax.md</a>
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<br>
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commit 55d9e75ffec92e922273c997026bb10613a76578</p>
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</blockquote>
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<p>泛型用于通常我们放置类型的位置，比如函数签名或结构体，允许我们创建可以代替许多具体数据类型的结构体定义。让我们看看如何使用泛型定义函数、结构体、枚举和方法，并且在本部分的结尾我们会讨论泛型代码的性能。</p>
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<h3>在函数定义中使用泛型</h3>
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<p>定义函数时可以在函数签名的参数数据类型和返回值中使用泛型。以这种方式编写的代码将更灵活并能向函数调用者提供更多功能，同时不引入重复代码。</p>
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<p>回到<code>largest</code>函数上，列表 10-4 中展示了两个提供了相同的寻找 slice 中最大值功能的函数。第一个是从列表 10-3 中提取的寻找 slice 中<code>i32</code>最大值的函数。第二个函数寻找 slice 中<code>char</code>的最大值：</p>
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<figure>
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<span class="filename">Filename: src/main.rs</span>
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<pre><code class="language-rust">fn largest_i32(list: &[i32]) -> i32 {
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let mut largest = list[0];
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for &item in list.iter() {
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if item > largest {
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largest = item;
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}
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}
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largest
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}
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fn largest_char(list: &[char]) -> char {
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let mut largest = list[0];
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for &item in list.iter() {
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if item > largest {
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largest = item;
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}
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}
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largest
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}
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fn main() {
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let numbers = vec![34, 50, 25, 100, 65];
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let result = largest_i32(&numbers);
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println!("The largest number is {}", result);
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# assert_eq!(result, 100);
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let chars = vec!['y', 'm', 'a', 'q'];
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let result = largest_char(&chars);
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println!("The largest char is {}", result);
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# assert_eq!(result, 'y');
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}
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</code></pre>
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<figcaption>
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<p>Listing 10-4: Two functions that differ only in their names and the types in
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their signatures</p>
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</figcaption>
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</figure>
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<p>这里<code>largest_i32</code>和<code>largest_char</code>有着完全相同的函数体，所以能够将这两个函数变成一个来减少重复就太好了。所幸通过引入一个泛型参数就能实现。</p>
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<p>为了参数化我们要定义的函数的签名中的类型</p>
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